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Indium single crystal 49In114.82
Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Richter at Freiberg, Germany.
[named after the indigo line in its spectrum]
French: indium
German: indium
Italian: indio
Spanish: indio
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Description: Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal, and has one of the longest liquid range of all the elements. It is stalbe in air and with water; it dissolves in acids. Indium is used in low-melting alloys in safety devices. Indium arsenide and indium antomonide have uses in transistors and thermistors.
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Metal single crystal properties
| State: |
single crystal |
| Crystal structure: |
tetragonal |
| Production method: |
Bridgeman |
| Standard size: |
diameter 7mm
thickness 3mm |
| Orientation: |
(001) |
| Orientation accuracy: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: |
as cut, <0.1µm |
| Purity: |
99.9999% |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group
face centered tetragonal(a=325.30, c=494.55), I4/mmm) |
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 243 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 29.3 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
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| Neutron scattering length: |
0.4065 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
194 sa / barns
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| Density: |
7.31 g/cm3 |
| Melting point: |
156.17 °C / 429.32 °K |
| Boiling point: |
2079.85 °C / 2353 °K |
| Molar volume: |
15.71 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
81.6 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
33 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
8.37x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
-7.0 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
10.6 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
3.68 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
n.a. GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.45 GPa |
| Radii: |
In3+ 92; atomic 163; covalent 150 |
| Electronegativity: |
1.78 (Pauling); 1.49 (Allred); 3.1 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
5.00 (Slater); 8.47 (Clementi); 9.66 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
59 |
| Issotope mass range: |
102 -> 132 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
none, but acts to stimulate metabolism |
| Toxicity |
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| Toxic intake: |
30 mg |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50 (sulfate, oral, rat)= c. 1200 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
Indium is moderately toxic b yingestion and affects the liver, heart and kidneys. It may have teratogentic effects |
| Level in humans |
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| Blood: |
n.a., but low |
| Bone: |
n.a. |
| Liver: |
n.a. |
| Muscle: |
c. 0.015 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. but low |
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
c. 0.4 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: |
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| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Indite |
FeIn2S4 |
4.67 |
4.5 |
cub., met. white |
| Chief ore: |
It is obtained as a by-product of zinc and lead smelting.
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| World production: |
75 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
see zinc and lead |
| Reserves: |
>1500 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as foil, granules, pieces, powder, rod, shot or wire. CARE !
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| Abundances |
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| Sun: |
44.7 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: |
0.049 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
1 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
Residence time:: |
n.a. |
| Classification: |
n.a. |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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