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Platinum single crystal 78Pt195.09
Known to pre-Columbian South Americans and taken to Europe about 1750.
[Spanish: platina = silver]
French: platine
German: platin
Italian: platino
Spanish: platino
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Description: Platinum is a lustrous, silvery-white, malleable and ductile metal. It is unaffected by air and water, and will only dissolve in aqua regia (HCl/HNO3) and molten alkalis. Platinum is used in jewellery, anti-cancer drugs, catalysts an catalytic convertors.
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Metal single crystal properties
| State: |
single crystal |
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| Crystal structure: |
fcc |
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| Production method: |
Czochralski |
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| Standard size: |
diameter 10-12mm
thickness 1-2mm |
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| Orientation: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
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| Orientation accuracy: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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| Polishing: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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| Roughness of surface: |
<0.03µm |
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| Purity: |
99.99% |
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| Typical analysis (ppm): |
Au < 5
Ag < 3
Cu < 2
Fe < 3
Ir < 10 |
Os < 15
Pd < 2
Rh < 3
Ru < 2
Si < 10
Pt balance |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group
f.c.c. (a=392.40), Fm3m |
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 200 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 113 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
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| Neutron scattering length: |
0.960 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
10.3 sa / barns
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| Density: |
21.4 g/cm3 |
| Melting point: |
1771.85 °C / 2045 °K |
| Boiling point: |
3826.85 ±100 °C / 4100±100 °K |
| Molar volume: |
9.10 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
71.6 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
9.0 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
10.6x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+1.301 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
170 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
60.9 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
276 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.39 GPa |
| Radii: |
Pt4+ 70; Pt2+ 85; atomic 138; covalent 129 |
| Electronegativity: |
2.28 (Pauling); 1.44 (Allred); 5.6 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
4.05 (Slater); 10.75 (Clementi); 15.65 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
36 |
| Issotope mass range: |
172 -> 201 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
none |
| Toxicity |
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| Toxic intake: |
regarded as non-toxic |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50 (PtCl2, oral, rat)= 17.5 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
Platinum implants are generally tolerated by the body. Platinum salts are poisonous. |
| Level in humans |
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| Organs: |
n.a. but low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
n.a |
Geological data
| Minerals: |
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| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Platiniridium |
(Ir, Pt) |
22.7 |
6 - 7 |
cub., met. white |
| platinum |
Pt |
c. 21 |
4 - 4.5 |
cub., metallic white/grey |
| Chief ore: |
platinum ore; some platinum is extracted as a by-product of copper and nickel refining.
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| World production: |
30 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
native platinum occurs naturally, mostly as nuggets, in the rivers of the Urals
in Russia and in deposits in Canada, South Africa, Columbia and Peru. |
| Reserves: |
n.a. |
| Specimen: |
available as foil, gauze, sponge, powder or wire. Safe.
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| Abundances |
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| Sun: |
56.2 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: |
c. 0.001 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
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| Atlantic surface: |
n.a. |
| Atlantic deep: |
n.a. |
| Pacific surface: |
1.1 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific deep: |
2.7 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Residence time:: |
n.a. |
| Oxidation state: |
II |
Other sizes and specifications on request
© 1996 - 2008 MaTecK GmbH - Im Langenbroich 20 - D-52428 Juelich - phone: +49 (0) 2461 / 9352-0 - fax: +49 (0) 2461 / 9352-11 - Contact: info@mateck.de
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