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Rhenium single crystal 75Re186.2
Discovered in 1925 by W. Noddack, Ida Tacke and O. Berg at Berlin, Germany.
[Greek: lithos = stone]
French: lithium
German: lithium
Italian: litio
Spanish: litio
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Description: Rhenium is a silvery metal, but is usually obtained as a grey powder. It resists corrosion but slowly tarnishes in moist air. Rhenium dissolves in HNO3 an H2SO4. It is used in filaments, thermistors and catalysts.
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Metal single crystal properties
| State: |
Single crystal |
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| Crystal structure: |
hexagonal |
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| Production method: |
Floating zone |
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| Standard size: |
diameter 6mm
thickness 1-2mm |
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| Orientation: |
(0001), (1-100) and (11-20) |
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| Orientation accuracy: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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| Polishing: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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| Roughness of surface: |
<0.03µm |
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| Purity: |
99.99% |
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| Typical analysis (ppm): |
Ag < 0.10
Al 2.00
Au 0.90
C 15.0
Cl 3.00
Co 0.20
Cr 2.50
Cu 0.40
Fe 15.0
H < 1.00
Mg 0.03
Mn 1.00 |
Mo 2.00
N < 5.00
Na 0.20
Ni < 1.00
Pt 10.0
O 6.00
Si 10.0
Ti 1.00
Ta 0.30
V 0.20
W 10.0
Zr 2.00
Rh balance |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group
h.c.p. (a=276.09), c=445.76), P63/mmc |
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 179 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 103 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
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| Neutron scattering length: |
0.92 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
89.7 sa / barns
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| Density: |
12.4 g/cm3 |
| Melting point: |
3179.85 °C / 3453 °K |
| Boiling point: |
5626.85 °C / 5900 °K |
| Molar volume: |
8.86 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
47.9 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
6.63 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
19.3x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+4.56 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
466 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
181 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
334 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.26 GPa |
| Radii: |
Re7+ 60; Re6+ 61; Re4+ 72; atomic 137; covalent 128 |
| Electronegativity: |
1.9 (Pauling); 1.46 (Allred); 4.02 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
3.60 (Slater); 10.12 (Clementi); 14.62 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
34 |
| Issotope mass range: |
162 -> 192 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
none |
| Toxicity: |
Not established, but believed to be low. |
| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50 (ReCl3, intraperitoneal, mouse)= 280 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
There are no reported cases of humans beeing affected by rhenium. Like other
powdered metals, rhenium dust could pose a moderate fire or explosion hazard. |
| Level in humans |
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| Organs: |
n.a., but very low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
n.a., but very low |
Geological data
| Minerals: |
Rhenium does not occur in nature as the free metal, nor has a distinct rhenium mineral species been found. Gadolinite (see beryllium) and
molybdenite (see molybdenum) may contain up to 0.2% rhenium. |
| Chief ore: |
Rhenium is extracted from the flue dusts of molybdenum smelters.
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| World production: |
4.5 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
see molybdenum |
| Reserves: |
3500 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as foil, powder, ribbon or wire. CARE !
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| Abundances |
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| Sun: |
<2 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: |
4 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
4 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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